@Angga: if you have Facebook account you can login directly to Scribd. We didn't understand the problems why Scribd files can't be downloaded from TIK network. There will be no problem if you utilize networks outside TIK. We will try to give direct download links from Mediafire. Thanks
Angga, you can down load file you want easily by this following steps: - click "Index and Direct Download Links" - click the file you choose, go to Mediafire - click " Click here to start download" and so on. Please try again. Good luck and thanks for your attention. (Bu Amy)
I think it's very easy to open this blog after Mrs Amy give an instruction. So, without log in to the facebook, we can download easily.... thank you....
I think we can do it after PlantMorph exam ... The questions aren't much,but I think number 4, the one with picture it's little bit difficult...We need ATLAS Histology,who's have install it???
Nb : Don't copy from Leon a.k.a Angga, he has many viruses...
I agree with ganang's opinion. Balm wouldn't harm for skin. i think, it caused by the components off balm that are made by natural material, so that it just make our body warm and makes the blood circulation will be normal again. meanwhile, the absorption process through the skin occurs like usual.
i agree with shefa and ganang's opinion, in my opinion the balm have material's that already appropriated with our skin. so the balm not dangerous and won't damage the skin tissue but can make the blood circulation normal again so the problem of our body(pegal-pegal) became recover.
hmm,,nice question arum... just for adding my friends answer.. the component of balm is Methyl salicylate, menthol, and base ad. (I look at the balm,,hehe) I think it just give warm condition that can stimuli blood vessel to dilate( not too hot like burns that can damage the tissue)so it can't damage the tissue.. thx..:)
i also agree with my friend about balm... but, sometime we have to read pack first. usually, there written sentence like this "hentikan pemakaian apabila terjadi iritasi"... so,i think,its depend to condition of each person....
the balm is same with body lotion.. if we use it in balance,, it's no problem... but, try to back to nature... hwaa..haaa....
@bu Amy : how about we answers the questions in exercise?? it's better we use an attachment file or we write it in layers...?? because if we use attachment file,, u need to download this file (our answers) again...
@Dwi Martha: it's better you write your answers in attachment file. @ off A students: please increase your discussion about the histological structure rather than the function of integumentary system
I think that oily skin is caused by the body's hormones that stimulate oil glands to produce more sebum produced by oil glands, but I still do not know what hormones that stimulate oil glands release more sebum, and also my lack of understanding about dry skin .....
A keloid (also known as a "keloidal scar") is a type of scar. It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type 3) at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced by collagen type 1. In severe cases, it can affect movement of skin. Histologically, keloids are fibrotic tumors characterized by a collection of atypical fibroblasts with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components, especially collagen, fibronectin, elastin, and proteoglycans. There is a report that woman is the higher patient of keloid compared with men, and in my opinion it is reasonable because most of women experienced piercing (exp: in ear lobe)as keloid is the overgrowth of granulation tissue in the location of injury (or in this case, piercing) For "bakat keloid", in my opinion not everybody have "bakat keloid". I think it is depend on the genetic of this person and the genetic of his/her parents or family.
friends, I want to ask about the nail, whether in the nail that there is a tissues? because it is after the cut my nails there are can grow again, keep working on how to nail growth?
Atika, i try to answer youe question The growing part of the nail is the part still under the skin at the nail's proximal end under the epidermis, which is the only living part of a nail. In humans, nails grow at an average rate of 3 mm (0.12 in) a month (as they are a form of hair).Fingernails require 3 to 6 months to regrow completely, and toenails require 12 to 18 months. Actual growth rate is dependent upon age, gender, season, exercise level, diet, and hereditary factors. Nails grow faster in the summer than in any other season.Contrary to popular belief, nails do not continue to grow after death; the skin dehydrates and tightens, making the nails (and hair) appear to grow.
friend , I want to ask you about how the nail growth,, how the process about it ?? and why nails will never stop to grow?? what the infuence about it ?? oktavia astiana _off A_
i also confused about detect the person if she or he had anemia from his/her nail because i ever heard that if someone have anemia her or his nail will be "ada tonjolan" in the center of each nail or "ujung kuku mencuat keatas seperti sekop yang dibalik" , i confused how the nail growth can be like that. mitha yudistira off a '10
to oktavia : i also confuse about that, but my opinion there are relation about nail growt and the ingredients on the nail. on the nail, there are Calcium, keratin (the protein that makes up your hair and nails), vitamins A, C, B5 and E, hydrating qualities such as almond extracts, shea butter, seaweed and other plant extracts. Anti-oxidant qualities, such as aloe vera and green and white tea. so if some one less of " gizi, vitamin and calcium the nail grow will distrubed.. it is my opinion, how about your opinion friend ?
hmmm.... our dermis have a melnocite right... and As far as I know... melanocit is a brown pigmen... waht about the other color of dermis(skin)... what kind of pigmen that from that color ?
Friend, i still confuse about the terms "the bulb" of this chapter. Is "a bulb" the one of the part of nails or the tissue? @PT Yulyana: I think there is no blood vascular in a hair and nails. so blooding will not happen. _Putri Ayu Anjulla_Off A_2010
friend i also confused about hair and nail. are both of them have same ingredient, because hair and nail have same mechanism on the grow. hair and nail can grow and never stop to grow.
Regulates the temperature of regulates the temperature of the body, heat loss through the skin by radiation, convection, evaporation. Heat conserved by reduction in the blood flow to skin. It works with our hypothalamus to keep the the body at a comfortable temperature. When the body's temperature goes up or down, even a few degrees, the hypothalamus reacts telling the body what to do. Sweating When the body overheats blood flowing to the capillaries increases making us sweat. Sweating increases the cooling effect as the water evaporates off our skin. It is thought that evaporation accounts for as much as 90 per cent of the body's cooling. Hyperthermia Hyperthermia is also known as heat stroke or sun stroke. This occurs when our body gets too hot. Our heat-regulating system can't cope causing our body's temperature to go up. It much like when our air conditioner breaks down during a heat wave. Shivering When we're cold our bodies start to shiver. This reaction is caused by our body contracting the blood vessels, the opposite of being too hot. The shivering contracts the blood vessels helping to keep the body warm. Hypothermia We experience hpothermia when the temperature of our body is exposed for a long period of time to low temperatures. Our body cann't keep us warm. It's like a furnace going out or not working properly. The skin works much like the thermostat in a house. The heat is set at say 70 degrees Fahrenheit. In the hotter temperatures of summer the air conditioner comes on and in the winter when it's colder the furnace comes on. Both hyperthermia and hypothermia can be fatal if not treated quickly. One of the skin's functions is to act as the body's heat regulator. The skin works with our hypothalamus to keep our body at a comfortable and safe temperature.
that hair is actually a modification of one form of skin as well as nails, but the difference in the strands of hair and nails do not have the nerve fed by blood vessels so that each of our hair fall out or we cut your hair / nails will not hurt because there was no nerve was injured and did not bleed because it is not fed by blood vessels
Nails grow from the deepest folds of skin of fingers and toes. As epidermal cells below the root of the nail grows into the skin surface. Their numbers continue to increase and are close to the root of the nail to be flat and pressed together strongly with one another. Each cell is transformed into a thin layer, stacking the layers forming the nail.
The skin under the nail is called the matrix. The largest part of the nail is a layer of nail, looks pink because of blood vessel tissue under the dermis layer mini.
While the hair is the tissue that is affected by the blood, sweat, environment, genetics, and hormones the enzymes in its growth. Hair represent what happens in the sub-molecular and cell numbers of bodies.
to putu: i guess because hair n nail haven't blood capilary and nerve branch. i mean in the end of hair not in the root, also in nail haven't blood capilary in the nail plate directly. when we cut hair we just cut in the hair fiber and we cut just plate the plate which contain of keratin. mitha yudistira off a '10
@dessy : my opinion "yes" because the composition of the nail give some nutrition to the tissue of the nail ? what about our opinion ? Dyah Afiat Mardikaningttyas Off A
I want to answer putu question : Histological structure of hair and nails are the same, they both composed of long keratinized structures derived from epithelial invaginations of the epidermis. Actually invagination that occurs on the nails are not much different from what happened to the hair, the splitting and subsequent invagination occurs matricis unguis sulcus, and then the cells in this area will hold its proliferation and the top will be the substance of the nail as hard keratin. Oktavia Astiana _Off.A'10_
to ika : i think, to explain the differences in histological structure of skin located on the palms of the hands and skin that is located on arm. but I am also still confused by the difference both of them.
that hair is actually a modification of one form of skin as well as nails, but the difference in the strands of hair and nails do not have the nerve fed by blood vessels so that each of our hair fall out or we cut your hair / nails will not hurt because there was no nerve was injured and did not bleed because it is not fed by blood vessels
Nails grow from the deepest folds of skin of fingers and toes. As epidermal cells below the root of the nail grows into the skin surface. Their numbers continue to increase and are close to the root of the nail to be flat and pressed together strongly with one another. Each cell is transformed into a thin layer, stacking the layers forming the nail.
The skin under the nail is called the matrix. The largest part of the nail is a layer of nail, looks pink because of blood vessel tissue under the dermis layer mini.
While the hair is the tissue that is affected by the blood, sweat, environment, genetics, and hormones the enzymes in its growth. Hair represent what happens in the sub-molecular and cell numbers of bodies.
@ Ika : may be the arms is include to thin skin,,because i have read that thick skin, such as found in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. so besides that include to thin skin. so the question number two may be can be meaning "the differences the histological structure between the thick skin and the thin skin" _Ndzani Latifatur Rofi'ah_Off A_2010
to Dyah.. hmmm.... although the nutrision always given to nail.. but I don't think so if it is caused nail always growing.. i just think that it influnce the growing.. not 'penyebab' kuku tidak bisa berhenti tumbuh
About the nail growth, in my opinion nail consist of death cells that contain ceratine, a protein that become harder and harder when it become old. When the cells on the tip of nail become harder, the soft cell like gel in the base of nail push the cell above it. This is why the nail will never stop growing. The nail stop growing if only the gel part in the base of nail is injured. ^_^ LINA ARFIANI_OFF A_
@desy yanuarita i want to answer that : System or melanocyte pigmentation
Skin color as a result of three components: a. Yellow caused by carotene b. Reddish blue because oxyhemoglobin c. Brown to black due to melanin.
Only formed melanin in the skin. Melanin has a bulge-bulge found in the stratum Malpighian melanosit.Melanosit called there on the border with the epidermis, epidermal bumps sitoplasmatis containing grains, melanin spread between cells Malphigi.melanosit not mamiliki desmosomes with Malpighian cells. The number of melanocytes in some places can be folded such as in the genital, mouth, and so on. The color of human skin depends on the amount of pigment produced by melanocytes and the amount transferred to keratinocytes. Grains of melanin is formed in a specific building within the cell called melanosom.Melanosom ovoid-shaped with a size of about from 0.2 to 0.6 microns. If not found in the epidermal melanin will cause albinism. Melanin is assumed to function to protect the body against the effects of ultraviolet rays. Melanin can also be found in the retina and in melanocytes and melanofor the dermis.
to nisa : i think because the material composed the nail isn't complete because certain situation of somebody, can be sick for example anorexia nervosa.i ever ask a doctor anorexia is like a psicologycal desease which someone obesessed to not gain wheight so he/she doesn't eat as long as he or she can. and maybe the ability to produce keratin decrease. i hope it can help. mitha yudistira off a '10
I also agree with Desy's opinion. Because nail is having a mitotically active matrix in dermis that always produces the nail bed. So, we can cut our nail without getting blood.
@ anisa : i think there ae many factor why the nails can brittle. may be somebody less of "gizi, calcium, vitamin" and if you want to have stronger nail you must ddinga a dietary supplement such as Knox for Nails, Gelatine Dietary Supplement, will provide important nutrients that help promote healthy, stronger nails.
to bonny : Nail bed: The nail bed is the skin Beneath the nail plate. and, The hair bulb is That portion of the follicle the which actively produces the hair. the tip of root hair bulging
to oktavia : same as other organ of the body, nails also live, and therefore it is certainly always grow to protect the skin fingertips which very sensitive, because there are thousands of nerves in it as well as enhance the touch. The growth of the fingernails in a week on average from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, four times faster than the growth of toe nails. Nail growth is also influenced by body heat. about the process of growth, it can catch up later :)
@ anisa : i think there ae many factor why the nails can brittle. may be somebody less of "gizi, calcium, vitamin" and if you want to have stronger nail you must ddinga a dietary supplement such as Knox for Nails, Gelatine Dietary Supplement, will provide important nutrients that help promote healthy, stronger nails.
to ika... hmm, i will try to answer your question number 2 about arms. its mean 'thin skin'. so in the thin skin found hair follicle and the stratum lucidum is absent, stratum granulosum frequently missing. Dwi Tika Ratna Sari Off A 2010
to nisa: fibrous periosteum question. each bone is ensheathed by a tough, vascular, fibrous layer, is periosteum. periosteum covers the bone except over the articular surfaces. so "fibrous" here i think is the structure of the periosteim itself.i hope it can help.
to mentil : Sebaceous glands - with few exceptions, found embeded in the dermis or hypodermis is association with hair follicles, lies between the arrector pilli muscles and the hair shaft. - morphologically it is a simple or branched alveolar (acinar) glands. - are holocrine type glands - produce sebum Sweat glands - with few exceptions, distributed throughout the skin, embeded in the dermis or hypodermis. - morphologically it is a simple, coiled, tubular glands, secretory portion surrounded by myoepithelial cells. - are merocrine type glands. - large apocrine sweat glands are limited in distribution to the axillary, circumanal, areolar breast regions, they are usually associated with hair follicles, release a viscous secretion
Em...Still confuse about the growth of hair and nail?? actually the part both of them that gwow are in the ground (dasar) not at the tip (ujung)so, although we cut in in the tip, there are no effect to the nail and hair growth.
Why we did not feel hurt when we cut both of them??? emmm...I agree with the explanation that both of them did not have nerve tissue and may be both of them are "dead cell"
@ Dianing : Surely, the growth both of hair and nail affected by the genetic factor, for example if you have wavy hair, straight, or curly hair usually your parent have similar type of hair, that is a evident that hair is controlled by genetic.. :)
@ karom. : i think its not the same. because in my opinion sweat gland is " kelenjar keringat" and produse the sweat. and the sebaseous gland Sebaceous glands that produce sebum, a part of the skin. They are commonly found in the skins Itself connected to the hair follicles. They are usually found in the skin itself is connected to hair follicles. The glands release sebum That is released through the hair shaft and into the skin. Glands release sebum that is released via the hair shaft and into the skin. Other parts of the skin That do not have a hair can also hold these glands.
to putri: i think the bulb there are in the hair, the bulbed is divided into an upper a region and a lower, or matrix, portion. the bulb found in the perifer and produced a hair follicle. i think so,. _lutfi rizkita_off A_2010
To :bonny it my opinion and i get it from the literature nail bed is the continuation of the deep layers of epidermis, it is composed two to three layers of prickle and basal cells resting on a basement membrane. hair bulb : the bulbous expansion at the proximal end of a hair, in which the hair shaft is generated.
@dianing: I agree with Hamim opinion,. growth of nails and hair are affected by genetic factor,. we have learned a little about it (genetic), that gene will be delivered to the next generation. ^^
to anisa (icha)_ I have some information about nails that are brittle. Brittle nails are characterized by a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the distal (free) edge of the nail plate. in most cases, nail splitting and vertical ridges are characteristic of the natural aging process..
to ardiani may be, because melanin is produced in special cell in 'dermis'. we know that dermis in upper the skin.. so I think, this cell is broken aand can't produce that pigmen anymore
to lina: about sebeceous and sweat relate to hair follicle. if u see "potongan melintang kulit dengan berbagai organ pelengkap" u will see that 3 of them in dermis part. sweat gland "mensekresi" keringat. sweat contain of various mineral salt and other substances. there are 4 sweat gland. one of them is apokrin gland, placed below "ketiak", menyekresi sweat start from puberty period and the sweat disekresi ke dalam hair follicle. sebaceous gland, mensekresi sebum or zat berminyak ke dalam har fillicle or sometimes through pores at skin surface. i hope it can help
to mentil(Nurlailatil karomah) i think, the means of sebaceous n sweat glands is difference, sebaceous glands is "kelenjar minyak" and sweat glands is "kelenjar keringat" dwi tika_off a 2010
@ Putri,,,, :) In my opinion,,,sweat glands is not associated with follicle such as sebaceos glands..
Did you remember that sebaceous glands produce "oil" from degeneration of cell (dead of cell), in sebaceous glands there are a lot of cell that consist fat or oil, so when it secret oil the sebaceous gland cell will always replicate/ mitosis...
but sweat gland produce sweat by absorbig water in blood cell, the water then converted to be sweat... :)
@ DYAH AFIAT : I THINK may be ingredients both of them is same, there is from keratin fiber. And why hair never stop to growt, because adanya mitosis from the cells in the part of hair that derived from germinativum layer
friends,.. i still confused about stratum germinativum, in the functional histology say that stratum germinativum same or synonyms with stratum Malpighi, but in the other refrences (histologi dasar, Luis, C. Junqueira) say that stratum germinativum same with stratum basale, How about your opinion friends??
@hamim But, in a Telford book it write: "Similar to sebaceous glands, they are usually associated with hair follicle". please open page 269. :) Whats mean of this statement?
to hamim : are you sure it "dead cell"? n how hair n nail be longer as the time pass by? of course the cell devide if not where is the " pemmanjangan" from the nail n hair from? i confued either actually
friends i have some information about nail, Fingernails grow from the matrix. The nails are composed largely of keratin, a hardened protein (that is also in skin and hair). As new cells grow in the matrix, the older cells are pushed out, compacted and take on the familiar flattened, hardened form of the fingernail.
The average growth rate for nails is 0.1 mm each day (or 1 centimeter in 100 days). The exact rate of nail growth depends on numerous factors including the age and sex of the individual and the time of year. Fingernails generally grow faster in young people, in males, and in the summer. and nails is not has nerve tissue.
I'll to answer the second question from oktavia. for Nail Growth.
The growing part of the nail is the part still under the skin at the nail's proximal and under the epidermis , the which is the only living part of a nail.
In mammals, the length and growth rate of nails is related to the length of the terminal phalanges (outermost finger bones). In Mammals, the length and growth rate of nails is related to the length of the terminal phalanges (finger bones outermost). Thus, in Humans, the nail of the index finger grows faster than That of the little finger; and fingernails grow up to four times faster than toenails.
@ hamim : is it true that nails are "cell death"? because in my opinion, if it is why the nails are dead cells can grow again and can not stop growing ?
@ putri i get information from literature that the sweet glands like large apocrine sweat glands similar to sebaceous glands, they are usually associated with hair follicles.
@Lutfi.. As far as i know, stratum germinativum is the terms with stratum basal. it is different with stratum malphigi. stratum malphigi placed between stratum germinativum (basal) and stratum spinosum. Any differents opinion?
to Ardiani_ i think the burn aid (luka bakar) that can make the color of skin white, it's because the all layers of skin was burn and it has affect to kill the skin area. because the nerves and blood vessels are damaged, it's appear white. only the epidermis has ability to regenerate itself. burns that extend deeper may cause permanent injury and scarring and not allow the skin in that area to return to normal function.
I wanna answer Bonny's question. Nail bed is: a continuation of the deeper layers of prickle and basal cells resting on a basement membrane Then The bulb is:the base of each cord expands and enclose the papilla that forming the bulb, which is divided into an upper region and lower or matrix , portion
@ OFF A, may I give some tips to care your nail. Please visit: http://ardianismart.blogspot.com/search/label/Tips
coment to desy and putri coment from ardiani question: about melanocyt and hand "terbakar". is there melanocyt can't work properly forever? because as far as i know our body has ability to repair broken cell or broken part of body. also what about if we gave the wound "bioplacenta" or something like that, i heard that it help not to leave trace of the wound.
@ mitha and all of my friend i have some information. nail shapes can be used to diagnose disease. * Base of fingernails turn blue indicating the disruption of blood circulation and is a symptom of heart disease. * Half of the nail tip, pink or brown color while the white epidermis, indicating kidney failure. * There is a horizontal wrinkles and nails look dull, indicating malnutrition, symptoms of a disease measles, chicken pox, mumps, heart and Reynaud's syndrome (finger tendon strain on the hands / feet due to very cold). * Red longitudinal layer of the nail marks on the capillary bleeding, if there is a double line is a symptom of high blood pressure (hypertension). * Nail growth is slow, thick and hard with a yellowish color indicating lymphatic disorders or chronic gastrointestinal disease. * Irregular spots on the nails indicate disease psoriasis (chronic skin disease). * Excessive curvature at the base and around the nails indicate symptoms of TB disease, emphysema (lung disorders) and cardiovascular (heart). dyah afiat/ A/2010
to dyah afiat.. i have some information about the causes hair loss.. However most people suffer from excessive hair loss at one time in their life. There are many reasons for this including medication, radiation, chemotherapy, exposure to chemicals, hormonal and nutritional factors, thyroid disease, generalized or local skin disease, and stress. dwi tika ratna sari off A 2010
hemm, ok putri,. thanks,. but how about statements strata basal and spinosum are often combined into a single layer called either stratum Malpighi or stratum germinativum?? (Functional Histologi)
to : Putri ayu anjulla in my opinion, sweat glands similar to sebaceous gland, they are usually associated with hair folicles and release a viscous secretion, which gives off a distinct, often offeensive, odor. from : rizki armando putra /bio 2010/off a
sorry, i am too late... i want to answer about skin, how skin have thickenings different, example at hand skin and palms of foot skin? and then when sweating(berkeringat)several people which smell sweat,where come from of smell?
may be, in my opinion. Based on Morphologically of sebaceous glands is a simple or branched alveolar (acinar)glands. each gland is ovoid in shape, resembling a cluster of grapes with a thick stem as duct. Then Morphologically of sweat glands is a simple, coiled, tubular gland with its tightly coiled, secretory portion surronded by myoepithelial cells. sweat glands are either merocrine or apocrine than sebaceous glands are holocrine type glands under hormonal control depending on the mode of secretion.
to : sari rahma putri about corelation between them with hair folicles. Sebaceous glands with few exceptions, are found embedded in the dermis or hypodermis in association with hair folicles. they empty their oily secretions by a duct into the upperb portion of the hair folicle next to the shaft.
than corelation between sweat gland with hair folicles, similar to sebaceous gland, they are usually associated with hair folicles and release a viscous secretion, which gives off a distinct, often offeensive, odor. Like as my explanation in putri ayu anjulla questions.
to putu I'll add the explanation about the histologic differences between palm skin and arm's skin palm of the hand's skin is thick skin. while arm is thin skin. stratum lucidum in palm of the hand skin contain of 2-3 layers of flattened,anucleated cell. while in thin skin stratum lucidum is absent.
to desy : in fact, there are 3 colors of yellow, blue and brown. Skin color as a result of three components: a. Yellow caused by carotene b. Reddish blue because oxyhemoglobin c. Brown to black due to melanin. Only formed melanin in the skin. Melanin has bulge that contained in the stratum Malpighian melanosit.Melanosit called there on the border with the epidermis, epidermal bumps sitoplasmatis containing grains, melanin spread between cells Malphigi.melanosit not mamiliki desmosomes with Malpighian cells. The number of melanocytes in some places can be folded such as in the genital, mouth, and so on. The color of human skin depends on the amount of pigment produced by melanocytes and the amount transferred to keratinocyte
menurut saya, melanosit hanya sebagai perantara untuk menhasilkan pigmen. jadi, jumlah pigmen yang dihasilkan oleh melanosit yang akan mempengaruhi warna kulit pada manusia.
adding answer to question okta state of the epidermis when the skin burns apiLuka fuel can damage muscle tissue, bone, blood vessels and epidermal tissue damage resulting in a deeper place than the end of the neural system,,,,
ti silfi i get from literatur Acne is a common skin condition that afflicts most people, to a varying degree, during the teen years. However, the disease is by no means restricted to this age group; adults in their 20's or 30's may have acne. Don't think that because acne is common, treatment is unnecessary. Waiting to "outgrow" acne can be a serious mistake. Medical treatment can improve your appearance and self esteem, and prevent the development of lifelong scars. and there are some factor that can make acne it is:
1. Rising hormone levels during adolescence cause enlargement and over activity of the oil glands in the skin. 2. The canals that bring this oil to the surface become blocked with keratin (a protein that is part of the skin). 3. When these oil glands are overactive and the canals are blocked, the bacteria that normally live on the skin and in the oil become trapped. They subsequently multiply, and cause inflammation and irritation
friends i want to ask why the skin of the palm of our hands do not have fur, unlike other body parts and what are the actual things that cause hair growth.
to rulyana_ in my opinion, it is because of the palm of our hand is a kind of thick skin that has the most layers of the stratum corneum. The stratum corneums are called corneocytes and are no longer viable. Corneocytes lack a nucleus and cellular structures. Corneocytes are flat, hexagonal-shaped cells filled with water-retaining keratin proteins surrounded by a protein envelope and lipids. The cellular shape and the orientation of the keratin proteins add strength to the stratum corneum. There are 10-30 layers of stacked corneocytes. maybe that information can help you..;-)
Hallo friends... :) hey...what's your opinion about our tears mean "air mata" when we cry, is that also produced by some gland ??? and what type of gland??? did you know where tears is stored??? hehehe :)
in the book that I have read inform us that for example in the male sex hormone, androgens from testis and adrenal cortex, directly affect hair growth. and in my opinion,, the hair can increase it's length because of follicular growth.
now I want to ask to you all,, for acne problem, what's causes that acne rise to our skin when puberty?
Hello.. :) everybody, have you ever heard about a myth, that if we cut our hair in calf, foot, arms and etc (except in the top of head), will grow a thicker hair, how does your opinion?
friends,, why when someones get seriously ill (cancer,etc) their hair will easily to fall? how can nail growth influence the healthy condition of primates?
@ desy i think our skin just has melanocyte cell that produce melanin ( brown pigment), whereas white, yellow,'sawo mateng', black etc in skin color are depend on portion of melanocyte in stratum germinativum...
guys, I wanna ask: Why someone has "lemah jantung" desease, his/her hand is always wet (berkeringat) rapidly? why it can happen? n how the it's relationship with sweat gland work?
Someone who get more sweat(hiperhidrosis) may in their armpit or in their palm, may in their body is occurring high metabolism. But hiperhidrosis not always indicate that someone get low heart beat condition. Sorry, perhaps my answer is not clear to answer your question. Ardiani Samti
Menurut Pendapat saya,pada kulit terdapat lapisan-lapisan. Salah satunya adalah epidermis yang salah satu lapisannya nya terdiri dari stratum korneum. Di bawah lapisan stratum korneum terdapat lapisan yang mengandung butir-butir melanin yaitu pigmen hitam pada kulit. Nah mungkin yang dimaksud anisa ini, kulit yang tidak memiliki pigmen hitam kulit (melanin) sehingga kulit tersebut berwarna putih.Karena tidak terdapat melanin,sehingga tidak ada salah satu lapisan yang melindungi kulit artinya lapisan pelindung kulit berkurang sehingga lebih beresiko terkena kanker.
@ annisa we know the normal skin color is the expression of a combination of three pigments: melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Melanin is a brownblack pigment produced in the melanocytes of the stratum basale. All individuals of similar size have approximately the same number of melanocytes, but the amount of melanin produced and the distribution of the melanin determine racial variations in skin color, such as black, brown, yellow, and white. Melanin protects the basal layer against the damaging effect of the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun. dari penjelasan diatas, saya rasa orang yang berkulit putih memiliki sedikit sekali melanin sehingga sinar matahari langsung masuk kedalam kulit tanpa adanya proteksi terlebih dahulu yang lama kelamaan akan mengakibatkan kanker. Esti Novianti -off A 2011-
From literature that I have read, Normal skin color is the expression of a combination of three pigments: melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Melanin is a brown-black pigment produced in the melanocytes of the stratum basale. All individuals of similar size have approximately the same number of melanocytes, but the amount of melanin produced and the distribution of the melanin determine racial variations in skin color, such as black, brown, yellow, and white. Melanin protects the basal layer against the damaging effect of the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun. A gradual exposure to the sunlight promotes the increased production of melanin within the melanocytes, and hence tanning of the skin. The skin of a person with albinism (al'bı ˘-niz-em) has the normal number of melanocytes in the epidermis but lacks the enzyme tyrosinase that converts the amino acid tyrosine to melanin. Albinism is a hereditary condition.
Jadi bisa disimpulkan bahwa pada orang albino jumlah melanositnya sama dengan orang normal namun enzin tyrosin yang berfungsi untuk merubah asam amino menjadi melanin yang sedikit sehingga produksi melanin menjadi berkurang. Jika melanin berkurang berarti pelindung dari efek merusak ultraviolet sinar matahari terhadap lapisan basal juga berkurang sehingga orang albino lebih mudah terkena kanker.
Kulit kering dan bersisik adalah salah satu masalah kulit yang sering terjadi. Kulit kering dan bersisik sudah tentu menghalangi kita untu tampil menarik, khususnya bagi para wanita. Efek yang terlihat dari kulit kering adalah kulit akan terlihat keriput, kusam, dan tidak segar.
Kulit yang kering dan bersisik biasanya hanya memiliki kadar minyak (sebum) yang sangat rendah dan cenderung cukup sensitif, dan karena tidak dapat mempertahankan kelembabannya kulit akan terlihat kusam. Kulit yang terasa kaku setelah mencuci muka adalah salah satu ciri kondisi kulit kering. Ketika dioles oleh pelembab baru kulit akan tidak lagi terasa kaku.
Berikut adalah beberapa penyebab kulit kering dan bersisik:
1. Faktor Keturunan (Genetik) Dalam faktor genetik, kondisi bawaan seseorang dipengaruhi oleh orang tua atau anggota keluarga dekat yang lain. Jadi jika ada orang tua anda yang memiliki kulit kering maka anda kemungkinan besar juga akan mempunyai kulit kering.
2. Kondisi Struktur Kulit Kulit anda akan terkena dehidrasi bila kondisi kelenjar kulit anda tidak mampu memberi cukup librikasi pada kulit. Dan sebagai akibatnya adalah kulit anda menjadi kering
3. Pola Makan Salah satu pemicu kulit menjadi kering adalah kurangnya nutrisi tertentu terutama sayuran. Jika pola makan anda buruk dan tidak mengandung gizi yang cukup maka anda bisa terkena kulit kering.
4. Faktor Lingkungan Kulit kering bisa juga disebabkan oleh pengaruh lingkungan seperti udara dingin, terkena sinar matahari terlalu lama, dan lain-lain.
5. Penyakit Kulit Kulit yang terserang penyakit kulit seperti eksim, prsoriaris, dan lain-lain bisa menyebabkan kulit menjadi kering.
truz..truz....
Untuk mencegah kulit kering, berikut adalah beberapa tips berguna untuk mencegah kulit kering dan bersisik:
1. Sangat dianjurkan untuk menggunakan pelembab setiap hari. Yang harus diperhatikan adalah pilih pelembab yang menggunakan bahan dasar air dan mengandung nutrisi bagi kulit agar tidak kering. 2. Hindari lingkungan atau ruangan yang memiliki suhu terlalu dingin karena dapat menyebabkan kulit anda bertambah kering. 3. Olahraga selama sekitar 30 menit tiga kali dalam seminggu sangat di anjurkan agar kulit terlihat segar. Selain itu tubuh anda juga akan sehat. 4. Jika anda sering beraktivitas di udara terbuka, gunakan tabir surya yang memiliki SPF minimal 15. 5. Mengkonsumsi makanan yang terjaga nutrisinya. Anda harus pastikan makanan yang anda konsumsi sehari-hari mengandung vitamin A,B,D, dan E yang cukup agar kulit anda terjaga kelembabannya. 6. Minum air putih minimal 2 liter dalam sehari, Mengkonsumsi air putih yang banyak akan membantu kulit anda terlihat cerah dan tidak kusam. 7. Jika tips-tips di atas belum mampu mengatasi masalah kulit kering, sebaiknya anda segera menghubungi dokter spesialis kulit
@ Titis Good info especially for us as a lady. Can apply it in everyday life.
@Enggar, Titis, n all of my friends If you discuss about dry skin, I want to ask why in some people, the surface of their skin as if has not hair like my skin? What cause the growth of hair be shut in?(Apa yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan rambut terhalang sehingga kulit terlihat seperti tidak mempunyai rambut?)
Mom, I was wrong yesterday to wrote a comment about the integument. I wrote in index and Direct Download Links. Yesterday I commented that I had a little difficulty in answering questions about the histological structure of the skin of the arm. Holifa Cahyo Ning Arif Off A 2011
@titis, pram, enggar n all my friendss hehhehheheheh.... i came late to comment woooow there are some question must be answer........ Actually, stres can be disturb grow in hair. hehhehehhehhehehehe...jangan stres nanti botak.
@ Titis : Apa yang kamu alami sama dengan yang saya alami karena pertumbuhan rambut pada kulit saya juga terhalang seperti tidak ada rambut atau sedikit rambut yang tumbuh. Hal ini mungkin terjadi karena faktor keturunan juga bisa karena ibu dan ayah saya pertumbuhan rambut di kulitnya terhalang sehingga tampak sedikit bahkan tidak mempunyai rambut dan itu mungkin menurun pada saya.
To: Enggar and all of my friends.. we have been learned about skin... and kulit berambut dan tidak berambut... udah tau kan bedanyaa... :D lok masalah botak tu.. bisa dr gen,tau kelenjar minyaknya bermasalah,may be.. :) solusi=> kasik aloe vera ja kawan...
What is this? I have problem to download it from scribd. I think its shouldn't using scribd to download. just use normal page not preview like this
BalasHapusAngga Off A
@Angga: if you have Facebook account you can login directly to Scribd. We didn't understand the problems why Scribd files can't be downloaded from TIK network. There will be no problem if you utilize networks outside TIK. We will try to give direct download links from Mediafire. Thanks
BalasHapusThanks. I have logged in using facebook account. But this method of downloading will confuse other who are not used to scribd.com
BalasHapusAngga Off A
Angga, you can down load file you want easily by this following steps:
BalasHapus- click "Index and Direct Download Links"
- click the file you choose, go to Mediafire
- click " Click here to start download"
and so on.
Please try again. Good luck and thanks for your attention.
(Bu Amy)
I think it's very easy to open this blog after Mrs Amy give an instruction. So, without log in to the facebook, we can download easily.... thank you....
BalasHapusRia Off A
I already understand about histology online method. If yesterday i feel confused, now i'm not confuse anymore.
BalasHapusNovia Off A
thanks Mrs.Amy. I prefer using mediafire than scribd to download it. For off A. Lets do exercise A as soon as possible. when we can do it together???
BalasHapusAngga Off A
I think we can do it after PlantMorph exam ...
BalasHapusThe questions aren't much,but I think number 4, the one with picture it's little bit difficult...We need ATLAS Histology,who's have install it???
Nb : Don't copy from Leon a.k.a Angga, he has many viruses...
Dyah Ratna off A
Ratna, I have Histology Atlas's file. You can make a copy of it to help you answer that question
BalasHapusBu Amy
my friends i have a problem
BalasHapushow the absorp process through the skin when we to rub the balm??
doesn't harm "jaringan kulit"???
Arum puspitarini OFF A
maybe the skin has a substance that can prevent foreign substance that harm for itself...but I don't know what the substance is...
BalasHapus-cheers-
Ganang Fajar E OFF A
I agree with ganang's opinion. Balm wouldn't harm for skin. i think, it caused by the components off balm that are made by natural material, so that it just make our body warm and makes the blood circulation will be normal again. meanwhile, the absorption process through the skin occurs like usual.
BalasHapus__ Shefa Dwijayanti R.__Off A___
i agree with shefa and ganang's opinion, in my opinion the balm have material's that already appropriated with our skin. so the balm not dangerous and won't damage the skin tissue but can make the blood circulation normal again so the problem of our body(pegal-pegal) became recover.
BalasHapusMartina Dwi off A
hmm,,nice question arum...
BalasHapusjust for adding my friends answer..
the component of balm is Methyl salicylate, menthol, and base ad. (I look at the balm,,hehe)
I think it just give warm condition that can stimuli blood vessel to dilate( not too hot like burns that can damage the tissue)so it can't damage the tissue..
thx..:)
Suhar Kartika H/off A
@ arum: i think arm is = kulit berambut ( thin skin). i found it in exercise A and I guess thet if palm is thick skin, maybe arm is thin skin. :)
BalasHapusfor the handout, it is easy for me to understand. it help me to answer the question.
thanks :)
Romy Mareni/off A
i also agree with my friend about balm...
BalasHapusbut, sometime we have to read pack first. usually, there written sentence like this
"hentikan pemakaian apabila terjadi iritasi"...
so,i think,its depend to condition of each person....
Novitasari Anggraini Putri
Off A
the balm is same with body lotion..
BalasHapusif we use it in balance,, it's no problem...
but, try to back to nature...
hwaa..haaa....
@bu Amy : how about we answers the questions in exercise?? it's better we use an attachment file or we write it in layers...??
because if we use attachment file,, u need to download this file (our answers) again...
dwiMartha-A
@Dwi Martha: it's better you write your answers in attachment file.
BalasHapus@ off A students: please increase your discussion about the histological structure rather than the function of integumentary system
I always hear about two type of skin in the face they are "kulit berminyak" dan kulit kering"
BalasHapuswhat are they have different histology structure?
why they become a problem for the most of people?
M.syamsul Arifin off A
I think that oily skin is caused by the body's hormones that stimulate oil glands to produce more sebum produced by oil glands, but I still do not know what hormones that stimulate oil glands release more sebum, and also my lack of understanding about dry skin .....
BalasHapusAtika Dian Off A
what about keloids?
BalasHapuswhat causes it? is have the influence to the function of skin? is all people have the "bakat keloid"?
Elysa PEV
Off A
I'm trying to answer Elysa's question. .
BalasHapusA keloid (also known as a "keloidal scar") is a type of scar. It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type 3) at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced by collagen type 1. In severe cases, it can affect movement of skin.
Histologically, keloids are fibrotic tumors characterized by a collection of atypical fibroblasts with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components, especially collagen, fibronectin, elastin, and proteoglycans. There is a report that woman is the higher patient of keloid compared with men, and in my opinion it is reasonable because most of women experienced piercing (exp: in ear lobe)as keloid is the overgrowth of granulation tissue in the location of injury (or in this case, piercing)
For "bakat keloid", in my opinion not everybody have "bakat keloid". I think it is depend on the genetic of this person and the genetic of his/her parents or family.
Thank you
Ika Sukmawati
OFF A
friends, I want to ask about the nail, whether in the nail that there is a tissues? because it is after the cut my nails there are can grow again, keep working on how to nail growth?
BalasHapusAtika Dian
Off A
Atika, i try to answer youe question
BalasHapusThe growing part of the nail is the part still under the skin at the nail's proximal end under the epidermis, which is the only living part of a nail.
In humans, nails grow at an average rate of 3 mm (0.12 in) a month (as they are a form of hair).Fingernails require 3 to 6 months to regrow completely, and toenails require 12 to 18 months. Actual growth rate is dependent upon age, gender, season, exercise level, diet, and hereditary factors. Nails grow faster in the summer than in any other season.Contrary to popular belief, nails do not continue to grow after death; the skin dehydrates and tightens, making the nails (and hair) appear to grow.
m.syamsul arifin
off A
To off A 2010,
BalasHapusYou can share each other about Integumetary system in this blog
Sasi
got it mom.. We will start our discussion on 9 am mom..
BalasHapusDesy Yanuarita Wulandari OFF A/2010
friend , I want to ask you about how the nail growth,, how the process about it ?? and why nails will never stop to grow?? what the infuence about it ?? oktavia astiana _off A_
BalasHapusmam..
BalasHapusfriends..
what is the histological structure of nail n hair?
we know that, if we cutting both, there is no blooding. why it can be like that ?
_PT Yulyana G.A_ OFF A/A"10_
I think.. nail is one of epidermis.. 'induk' sel in this tissue always have mitotic proces.. so, it always grow
BalasHapusDesy Yanuarita /OFF A
i also confused about detect the person if she or he had anemia from his/her nail because i ever heard that if someone have anemia her or his nail will be "ada tonjolan" in the center of each nail or "ujung kuku mencuat keatas seperti sekop yang dibalik" , i confused how the nail growth can be like that. mitha yudistira off a '10
BalasHapusto oktavia :
BalasHapusi also confuse about that, but my opinion there are relation about nail growt and the ingredients on the nail. on the nail, there are Calcium, keratin (the protein that makes up your hair and nails), vitamins A, C, B5 and E, hydrating qualities such as almond extracts, shea butter, seaweed and other plant extracts. Anti-oxidant qualities, such as aloe vera and green and white tea. so if some one less of " gizi, vitamin and calcium the nail grow will distrubed.. it is my opinion, how about your opinion friend ?
Dyah afiat M. Off A
hmmm.... our dermis have a melnocite right... and As far as I know... melanocit is a brown pigmen... waht about the other color of dermis(skin)... what kind of pigmen that from that color ?
BalasHapusDesy Yanuarita /OFF A
friend I still confuse about question number 2,that arms,,,, please explain to me?
BalasHapusIka ratnasari off A 2010
okay friend... why our nail can brittle???
BalasHapusFriend, i still confuse about the terms "the bulb" of this chapter.
BalasHapusIs "a bulb" the one of the part of nails or the tissue?
@PT Yulyana: I think there is no blood vascular in a hair and nails. so blooding will not happen.
_Putri Ayu Anjulla_Off A_2010
hmmm,,... does the composition of nail influece the growing of nail ?
BalasHapusDesy Yanuarita /OFF A
friend i also confused about hair and nail. are both of them have same ingredient, because hair and nail have same mechanism on the grow. hair and nail can grow and never stop to grow.
BalasHapusdyah Afiat M. off A
Regulates the temperature of regulates the temperature of the body, heat loss through the skin by radiation, convection, evaporation. Heat conserved by reduction in the blood flow to skin.
BalasHapusIt works with our hypothalamus to keep the the body at a comfortable temperature. When the body's temperature goes up or down, even a few degrees, the hypothalamus reacts telling the body what to do.
Sweating
When the body overheats blood flowing to the capillaries increases making us sweat. Sweating increases the cooling effect as the water evaporates off our skin. It is thought that evaporation accounts for as much as 90 per cent of the body's cooling.
Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia is also known as heat stroke or sun stroke. This occurs when our body gets too hot. Our heat-regulating system can't cope causing our body's temperature to go up. It much like when our air conditioner breaks down during a heat wave.
Shivering
When we're cold our bodies start to shiver. This reaction is caused by our body contracting the blood vessels, the opposite of being too hot. The shivering contracts the blood vessels helping to keep the body warm.
Hypothermia
We experience hpothermia when the temperature of our body is exposed for a long period of time to low temperatures. Our body cann't keep us warm. It's like a furnace going out or not working properly. The skin works much like the thermostat in a house. The heat is set at say 70 degrees Fahrenheit. In the hotter temperatures of summer the air conditioner comes on and in the winter when it's colder the furnace comes on. Both hyperthermia and hypothermia can be fatal if not treated quickly.
One of the skin's functions is to act as the body's heat regulator. The skin works with our hypothalamus to keep our body at a comfortable and safe temperature.
to putu
BalasHapusthat hair is actually a modification of one form of skin as well as nails,
but the difference in the strands of hair and nails do not have the nerve fed by blood vessels
so that each of our hair fall out or we cut your hair / nails will not hurt because there was no nerve was injured and did not bleed because it is not fed by blood vessels
Nails grow from the deepest folds of skin of fingers and toes. As epidermal cells below the root of the nail grows into the skin surface. Their numbers continue to increase and are close to the root of the nail to be flat and pressed together strongly with one another. Each cell is transformed into a thin layer, stacking the layers forming the nail.
The skin under the nail is called the matrix. The largest part of the nail is a layer of nail, looks pink because of blood vessel tissue under the dermis layer mini.
While the hair is the tissue that is affected by the blood, sweat, environment, genetics, and hormones the enzymes in its growth. Hair represent what happens in the sub-molecular and cell numbers of bodies.
to putu
BalasHapusI think couse both of them arranged of keratin fiber "serabut keratin"
Ika Ratnasari
to putu: i guess because hair n nail haven't blood capilary and nerve branch. i mean in the end of hair not in the root, also in nail haven't blood capilary in the nail plate directly. when we cut hair we just cut in the hair fiber and we cut just plate the plate which contain of keratin. mitha yudistira off a '10
BalasHapus@dessy :
BalasHapusmy opinion "yes" because the composition of the nail give some nutrition to the tissue of the nail ? what about our opinion ?
Dyah Afiat Mardikaningttyas Off A
I want to answer putu question :
BalasHapusHistological structure of hair and nails are the same, they both composed of long keratinized structures derived from epithelial invaginations of the epidermis. Actually invagination that occurs on the nails are not much different from what happened to the hair, the splitting and subsequent invagination occurs matricis unguis sulcus, and then the cells in this area will hold its proliferation and the top will be the substance of the nail as hard keratin.
Oktavia Astiana _Off.A'10_
to ika : i think, to explain the differences in histological structure of skin located on the palms of the hands and skin that is located on arm. but I am also still confused by the difference both of them.
BalasHapusPT Yulyana OFF A
riends, I'm still confused what is meant by the nail bed and the bulb.. :(
BalasHapusthat hair is actually a modification of one form of skin as well as nails,
BalasHapusbut the difference in the strands of hair and nails do not have the nerve fed by blood vessels
so that each of our hair fall out or we cut your hair / nails will not hurt because there was no nerve was injured and did not bleed because it is not fed by blood vessels
Nails grow from the deepest folds of skin of fingers and toes. As epidermal cells below the root of the nail grows into the skin surface. Their numbers continue to increase and are close to the root of the nail to be flat and pressed together strongly with one another. Each cell is transformed into a thin layer, stacking the layers forming the nail.
The skin under the nail is called the matrix. The largest part of the nail is a layer of nail, looks pink because of blood vessel tissue under the dermis layer mini.
While the hair is the tissue that is affected by the blood, sweat, environment, genetics, and hormones the enzymes in its growth. Hair represent what happens in the sub-molecular and cell numbers of bodies.
@ Ika : may be the arms is include to thin skin,,because i have read that thick skin, such as found in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. so besides that include to thin skin.
BalasHapusso the question number two may be can be meaning "the differences the histological structure between the thick skin and the thin skin"
_Ndzani Latifatur Rofi'ah_Off A_2010
to Dyah..
BalasHapushmmm.... although the nutrision always given to nail.. but I don't think so if it is caused nail always growing..
i just think that it influnce the growing.. not 'penyebab' kuku tidak bisa berhenti tumbuh
is there any genetic factors that could affect the growth of hair and nails? if there is please explain, if not why?
BalasHapusfriend i confuse about fibrous periosteum???
BalasHapusAbout the nail growth, in my opinion nail consist of death cells that contain ceratine, a protein that become harder and harder when it become old. When the cells on the tip of nail become harder, the soft cell like gel in the base of nail push the cell above it. This is why the nail will never stop growing. The nail stop growing if only the gel part in the base of nail is injured. ^_^
BalasHapusLINA ARFIANI_OFF A_
@desy yanuarita i want to answer that :
BalasHapusSystem or melanocyte pigmentation
Skin color as a result of three components:
a. Yellow caused by carotene
b. Reddish blue because oxyhemoglobin
c. Brown to black due to melanin.
Only formed melanin in the skin.
Melanin has a bulge-bulge found in the stratum Malpighian melanosit.Melanosit called there on the border with the epidermis, epidermal bumps sitoplasmatis containing grains, melanin spread between cells Malphigi.melanosit not mamiliki desmosomes with Malpighian cells.
The number of melanocytes in some places can be folded such as in the genital, mouth, and so on.
The color of human skin depends on the amount of pigment produced by melanocytes and the amount transferred to keratinocytes.
Grains of melanin is formed in a specific building within the cell called melanosom.Melanosom ovoid-shaped with a size of about from 0.2 to 0.6 microns.
If not found in the epidermal melanin will cause albinism.
Melanin is assumed to function to protect the body against the effects of ultraviolet rays.
Melanin can also be found in the retina and in melanocytes and melanofor the dermis.
to nisa : i think because the material composed the nail isn't complete because certain situation of somebody, can be sick for example anorexia nervosa.i ever ask a doctor anorexia is like a psicologycal desease which someone obesessed to not gain wheight so he/she doesn't eat as long as he or she can. and maybe the ability to produce keratin decrease. i hope it can help. mitha yudistira off a '10
BalasHapusI also agree with Desy's opinion. Because nail is having a mitotically active matrix in dermis that always produces the nail bed. So, we can cut our nail without getting blood.
BalasHapusArdiani Samti NA OFF A
@Dianing: yupz I agree with hair effect genetic factor.
BalasHapusto dianing :
BalasHapusI think, genetic factors only affect the DNA in hair or nails. but if its structure remains the same is composed of keratin.
@ anisa :
BalasHapusi think there ae many factor why the nails can brittle. may be somebody less of "gizi, calcium, vitamin" and if you want to have stronger nail you must ddinga a dietary supplement such as Knox for Nails, Gelatine Dietary Supplement, will provide important nutrients that help promote healthy, stronger nails.
Dyah Afiat Mardikaningtyas, Off A
@Mitha: thanks for ur explanation...
BalasHapusto ika_
BalasHapusi'm really agree with ndzani's answer.
in my opinion, arms means a thin skin in our body, while the palms of the hand means a thick skin.
^tutut^off.A^2010
what deferences between sweat glands and sebaceous gland???? if translated the meaning are same.???
BalasHapus:-)
to bonny :
BalasHapusNail bed: The nail bed is the skin Beneath the nail plate.
and,
The hair bulb is That portion of the follicle the which actively produces the hair. the tip of root hair bulging
Sebaceous and sweat glands are associated with hair follicles, anyone want give simple explanation about it?
BalasHapusLINA ARFIANI_OFF A_
to oktavia :
BalasHapussame as other organ of the body, nails also live, and therefore it is certainly always grow to protect the skin fingertips which very sensitive, because there are thousands of nerves in it as well as enhance the touch. The growth of the fingernails in a week on average from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, four times faster than the growth of toe nails. Nail growth is also influenced by body heat.
about the process of growth, it can catch up later :)
to oktavia :
BalasHapushmmm...still confuse..
does our skin have three of them , but mostly melanocyte? or only melanocyte ?
@ anisa :
BalasHapusi think there ae many factor why the nails can brittle. may be somebody less of "gizi, calcium, vitamin" and if you want to have stronger nail you must ddinga a dietary supplement such as Knox for Nails, Gelatine Dietary Supplement, will provide important nutrients that help promote healthy, stronger nails.
to dyah afiat..
BalasHapuswhat do you mean with "ddinga" on ur comment??
to Oktavia A.
thx for ur answer..
to ika...
BalasHapushmm, i will try to answer your question number 2 about arms. its mean 'thin skin'. so in the thin skin found hair follicle and the stratum lucidum is absent, stratum granulosum frequently missing.
Dwi Tika Ratna Sari Off A 2010
to nisa: fibrous periosteum question. each bone is ensheathed by a tough, vascular, fibrous layer, is periosteum. periosteum covers the bone except over the articular surfaces. so "fibrous" here i think is the structure of the periosteim itself.i hope it can help.
BalasHapusI do aggre with ndzani's opinion about the differences between palm hand and arm..
BalasHapusto mentil :
BalasHapusSebaceous glands
- with few exceptions, found embeded in the dermis or hypodermis is association with hair follicles, lies between the arrector pilli muscles and the hair shaft.
- morphologically it is a simple or branched alveolar (acinar) glands.
- are holocrine type glands
- produce sebum
Sweat glands
- with few exceptions, distributed throughout the skin, embeded in the dermis or hypodermis.
- morphologically it is a simple, coiled, tubular glands, secretory portion surrounded by myoepithelial cells.
- are merocrine type glands.
- large apocrine sweat glands are limited in distribution to the axillary, circumanal, areolar breast regions, they are usually associated with hair follicles, release a viscous secretion
_Ndzani Latifatur Rofi'ah_Off A_2010
Em...Still confuse about the growth of hair and nail?? actually the part both of them that gwow are in the ground (dasar) not at the tip (ujung)so, although we cut in in the tip, there are no effect to the nail and hair growth.
BalasHapusWhy we did not feel hurt when we cut both of them??? emmm...I agree with the explanation that both of them did not have nerve tissue and may be both of them are "dead cell"
@ Dianing : Surely, the growth both of hair and nail affected by the genetic factor, for example if you have wavy hair, straight, or curly hair usually your parent have similar type of hair, that is a evident that hair is controlled by genetic.. :)
@ karom. :
BalasHapusi think its not the same. because in my opinion sweat gland is " kelenjar keringat" and produse the sweat. and the sebaseous gland Sebaceous glands that produce sebum, a part of the skin. They are commonly found in the skins Itself connected to the hair follicles. They are usually found in the skin itself is connected to hair follicles. The glands release sebum That is released through the hair shaft and into the skin. Glands release sebum that is released via the hair shaft and into the skin. Other parts of the skin That do not have a hair can also hold these glands.
DYAH AFIAT/A
@Bonny: I think neil bed means a place where the nails is laying ^^
BalasHapusHikmah Maulidiyah Bio Off A 2010
Devi Nur Octaviandari
BalasHapusI still confused about difference of nail and hair between one person and others?how can the form of nail can vary 'berbeda-beda'??
to mentil
BalasHapussweet gland is kelenjar keringat ..remember 'pocary sweat'
sebaceosu is kelenjr minyak
@ndzani: are sweat glands can association with hair follicle like sebaceous glands?
BalasHapus_Putri Ayu Anjulla_Off A_2010
to putri:
BalasHapusi think the bulb there are in the hair,
the bulbed is divided into an upper a region and a lower, or matrix, portion. the bulb found in the perifer and produced a hair follicle. i think so,.
_lutfi rizkita_off A_2010
to devi :
BalasHapusthat is genetic factor
i agree with desy, it is a easy to remember that terms. :)
BalasHapusFriends What's your opinion about someone who get injuries (terbakar),then the color of their skin become white, Why it's occur?
BalasHapus@lutfi: thanks for your answer.. :)
BalasHapusTo :bonny
BalasHapusit my opinion and i get it from the literature
nail bed
is the continuation of the deep layers of epidermis, it is composed two to three layers of prickle and basal cells resting on a basement membrane.
hair bulb : the bulbous expansion at the proximal end of a hair, in which the hair shaft is generated.
what about your opinion ?
dyah afiat/ A
@dianing: I agree with Hamim opinion,. growth of nails and hair are affected by genetic factor,.
BalasHapuswe have learned a little about it (genetic), that gene will be delivered to the next generation. ^^
Hikmah Maulidiyah Bio Off A 2010
to anisa (icha)_
BalasHapusI have some information about nails that are brittle.
Brittle nails are characterized by a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the distal (free) edge of the nail plate. in most cases, nail splitting and vertical ridges are characteristic of the natural aging process..
by: tutut^off.A^2010
@ardiani.. as far as i know, in that condition, the melanocyt damage, so the skin become white.
BalasHapusto ardiani
BalasHapusmay be, because melanin is produced in special cell in 'dermis'. we know that dermis in upper the skin.. so I think, this cell is broken aand can't produce that pigmen anymore
to lina: about sebeceous and sweat relate to hair follicle. if u see "potongan melintang kulit dengan berbagai organ pelengkap" u will see that 3 of them in dermis part. sweat gland "mensekresi" keringat. sweat contain of various mineral salt and other substances. there are 4 sweat gland. one of them is apokrin gland, placed below "ketiak", menyekresi sweat start from puberty period and the sweat disekresi ke dalam hair follicle.
BalasHapussebaceous gland, mensekresi sebum or zat berminyak ke dalam har fillicle or sometimes through pores at skin surface. i hope it can help
What causes hair loss? tissue sections which are damaged, so causing hair loss?
BalasHapusplease help me,, because i have problem about that..
dyah afiat/A
to mentil(Nurlailatil karomah)
BalasHapusi think, the means of sebaceous n sweat glands is difference, sebaceous glands is "kelenjar minyak" and sweat glands is "kelenjar keringat"
dwi tika_off a 2010
@ Putri,,,, :)
BalasHapusIn my opinion,,,sweat glands is not associated with follicle such as sebaceos glands..
Did you remember that sebaceous glands produce "oil" from degeneration of cell (dead of cell), in sebaceous glands there are a lot of cell that consist fat or oil, so when it secret oil the sebaceous gland cell will always replicate/ mitosis...
but sweat gland produce sweat by absorbig water in blood cell, the water then converted to be sweat... :)
Hamim Thoari M_Off A
i agree with desy's opinion, this cell is broken and can't produce that pigmen anymore
BalasHapuscontinued Ardiani's question and Putri's answer :
BalasHapuswhy it's white?? why its not red, black maybe?? Is there something that can affect the color??
@ DYAH AFIAT :
BalasHapusI THINK may be ingredients both of them is same, there is from keratin fiber. And why hair never stop to growt, because adanya mitosis from the cells in the part of hair that derived from germinativum layer
IKA RATNASARI OFF A
friends,..
BalasHapusi still confused about stratum germinativum,
in the functional histology say that stratum germinativum same or synonyms with stratum Malpighi, but in the other refrences (histologi dasar, Luis, C. Junqueira) say that stratum germinativum same with stratum basale,
How about your opinion friends??
_Lutfi Rizkita_off A_2010
@hamim
BalasHapusBut, in a Telford book it write: "Similar to sebaceous glands, they are usually associated with hair follicle". please open page 269. :)
Whats mean of this statement?
To ika :
BalasHapusi agree with ndzani.. i think arm included in the thin skin.
Dyah afiat/A
to hamim : are you sure it "dead cell"? n how hair n nail be longer as the time pass by? of course the cell devide if not where is the " pemmanjangan" from the nail n hair from?
BalasHapusi confued either actually
@ndzani : thank for your answer
BalasHapusika ratnasari off a
to lutfi
BalasHapusstratum basale = stratum gerinativum
but stratum malphigi = germinativum + spinosum
friends i have some information about nail, Fingernails grow from the matrix. The nails are composed largely of keratin, a hardened protein (that is also in skin and hair). As new cells grow in the matrix, the older cells are pushed out, compacted and take on the familiar flattened, hardened form of the fingernail.
BalasHapusThe average growth rate for nails is 0.1 mm each day (or 1 centimeter in 100 days). The exact rate of nail growth depends on numerous factors including the age and sex of the individual and the time of year. Fingernails generally grow faster in young people, in males, and in the summer.
and nails is not has nerve tissue.
I'll to answer the second question from oktavia. for Nail Growth.
BalasHapusThe growing part of the nail is the part still under the skin at the nail's proximal and under the epidermis , the which is the only living part of a nail.
In mammals, the length and growth rate of nails is related to the length of the terminal phalanges (outermost finger bones). In Mammals, the length and growth rate of nails is related to the length of the terminal phalanges (finger bones outermost). Thus, in Humans, the nail of the index finger grows faster than That of the little finger; and fingernails grow up to four times faster than toenails.
@ hamim :
BalasHapusis it true that nails are "cell death"? because in my opinion, if it is why the nails are dead cells can grow again and can not stop growing
?
dyah afiat / A
@ putri
BalasHapusi get information from literature that the sweet glands like large apocrine sweat glands similar to sebaceous glands, they are usually associated with hair follicles.
@Lutfi..
BalasHapusAs far as i know, stratum germinativum is the terms with stratum basal. it is different with stratum malphigi. stratum malphigi placed between stratum germinativum (basal) and stratum spinosum.
Any differents opinion?
to Ardiani_
BalasHapusi think the burn aid (luka bakar) that can make the color of skin white, it's because the all layers of skin was burn and it has affect to kill the skin area.
because the nerves and blood vessels are damaged, it's appear white.
only the epidermis has ability to regenerate itself. burns that extend deeper may cause permanent injury and scarring and not allow the skin in that area to return to normal function.
by: Tutut^Off.A^2010
I wanna answer Bonny's question.
BalasHapusNail bed is: a continuation of the deeper layers of prickle and basal cells resting on a basement membrane
Then The bulb is:the base of each cord expands and enclose the papilla that forming the bulb, which is divided into an upper region and lower or matrix , portion
@ OFF A, may I give some tips to care your nail. Please visit: http://ardianismart.blogspot.com/search/label/Tips
Thank you.
Ardiani Samti NA OFF A
coment to desy and putri coment from ardiani question: about melanocyt and hand "terbakar". is there melanocyt can't work properly forever? because as far as i know our body has ability to repair broken cell or broken part of body. also what about if we gave the wound "bioplacenta" or something like that, i heard that it help not to leave trace of the wound.
BalasHapusi'm sorry i mean stratum germinativum is the other terms with stratum basal.
BalasHapus@ mitha and all of my friend
BalasHapusi have some information. nail shapes can be used to diagnose disease.
* Base of fingernails turn blue indicating the disruption of blood circulation and is a symptom of heart disease.
* Half of the nail tip, pink or brown color while the white epidermis, indicating kidney failure.
* There is a horizontal wrinkles and nails look dull, indicating malnutrition, symptoms of a disease measles, chicken pox, mumps, heart and Reynaud's syndrome (finger tendon strain on the hands / feet due to very cold).
* Red longitudinal layer of the nail marks on the capillary bleeding, if there is a double line is a symptom of high blood pressure (hypertension).
* Nail growth is slow, thick and hard with a yellowish color indicating lymphatic disorders or chronic gastrointestinal disease.
* Irregular spots on the nails indicate disease psoriasis (chronic skin disease).
* Excessive curvature at the base and around the nails indicate symptoms of TB disease, emphysema (lung disorders) and cardiovascular (heart).
dyah afiat/ A/2010
to dyah afiat..
BalasHapusi have some information about the causes hair loss..
However most people suffer from excessive hair loss at one time in their life. There are many reasons for this including medication, radiation, chemotherapy, exposure to chemicals, hormonal and nutritional factors, thyroid disease, generalized or local skin disease, and stress.
dwi tika ratna sari off A 2010
@mbak Ndzani Latifatur
BalasHapusso, sweat glands and sebaceous glands, both of them are associated with hair follicle?
Thanks a lot for : Tutut, Desy, Putri for your answer.
BalasHapushemm, ok putri,. thanks,.
BalasHapusbut how about statements strata basal and spinosum are often combined into a single layer called either stratum Malpighi or stratum germinativum?? (Functional Histologi)
@ putri
BalasHapusi think so,,sweat glands and sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles.
thanks mbak ndzani... :)
BalasHapusto : Putri ayu anjulla
BalasHapusin my opinion, sweat glands similar to sebaceous gland, they are usually associated with hair folicles and release a viscous secretion, which gives off a distinct, often offeensive, odor.
from : rizki armando putra /bio 2010/off a
@ putri
BalasHapusoyi sama2 pyut :)
sorry, i am too late...
BalasHapusi want to answer about skin, how skin have thickenings different, example at hand skin and palms of foot skin? and then when sweating(berkeringat)several people which smell sweat,where come from of smell?
silfiah anggraini_off A 2010
i still confuse about sweat glands and sebaceous glands ?
BalasHapuswhat is the corelation between them with hair folicles?
from: Sari Rahma Putri / bio. off a 2010
to : Sari Rahma Putri
BalasHapusmay be, in my opinion. Based on Morphologically of sebaceous glands is a simple or branched alveolar (acinar)glands. each gland is ovoid in shape, resembling a cluster of grapes with a thick stem as duct.
Then Morphologically of sweat glands is a simple, coiled, tubular gland with its tightly coiled, secretory portion surronded by myoepithelial cells. sweat glands are either merocrine or apocrine than sebaceous glands are holocrine type glands under hormonal control depending on the mode of secretion.
from : Rizki Armando Putra/ Bio Off A 2010
to : sari rahma putri
BalasHapusabout corelation between them with hair folicles. Sebaceous glands with few exceptions, are found embedded in the dermis or hypodermis in association with hair folicles. they empty their oily secretions by a duct into the upperb portion of the hair folicle next to the shaft.
than corelation between sweat gland with hair folicles, similar to sebaceous gland, they are usually associated with hair folicles and release a viscous secretion, which gives off a distinct, often offeensive, odor. Like as my explanation in putri ayu anjulla questions.
from: Rizki Armando Putra / Bio .Off A 2010
To Lina: I think the hair follicle make the pore for the passageway the secretion sebaaceous and sweat glands out
BalasHapusLindawati P_Off A_2010
Thanks for your answer, Rizki Armando Putra
BalasHapusto putu
BalasHapusI'll add the explanation about the histologic differences between palm skin and arm's skin
palm of the hand's skin is thick skin. while arm is thin skin.
stratum lucidum in palm of the hand skin contain of 2-3 layers of flattened,anucleated cell. while in thin skin stratum lucidum is absent.
septi darlia putri off.a
to septy :
BalasHapusthank a lot for your answer :))
to desy :
BalasHapusin fact, there are 3 colors of yellow, blue and brown.
Skin color as a result of three components:
a. Yellow caused by carotene
b. Reddish blue because oxyhemoglobin
c. Brown to black due to melanin.
Only formed melanin in the skin.
Melanin has bulge that contained in the stratum Malpighian melanosit.Melanosit called there on the border with the epidermis, epidermal bumps sitoplasmatis containing grains, melanin spread between cells Malphigi.melanosit not mamiliki desmosomes with Malpighian cells.
The number of melanocytes in some places can be folded such as in the genital, mouth, and so on.
The color of human skin depends on the amount of pigment produced by melanocytes and the amount transferred to keratinocyte
menurut saya, melanosit hanya sebagai perantara untuk menhasilkan pigmen. jadi, jumlah pigmen yang dihasilkan oleh melanosit yang akan mempengaruhi warna kulit pada manusia.
OKTAVIA ASTIANA -OFF.A'10-
adding answer to question okta
BalasHapusstate of the epidermis when the skin burns apiLuka fuel can damage muscle tissue, bone, blood vessels and epidermal tissue damage resulting in a deeper place than the end of the neural system,,,,
from: silfiah anggraini, off A 2010
what agne (jerawat)only can be growth in face?
BalasHapusin fact, what arise agne in our face?
and then what come from dendruff? is this epidermis that broken?
SILFIAH ANGGRAINI_ OFF A 2010
ti silfi
BalasHapusi get from literatur Acne is a common skin condition that afflicts most people, to a varying degree, during the teen years. However, the disease is by no means restricted to this age group; adults in their 20's or 30's may have acne. Don't think that because acne is common, treatment is unnecessary. Waiting to "outgrow" acne can be a serious mistake. Medical treatment can improve your appearance and self esteem, and prevent the development of lifelong scars.
and there are some factor that can make acne it is:
1. Rising hormone levels during adolescence cause enlargement and over activity of the oil glands in the skin.
2. The canals that bring this oil to the surface become blocked with keratin (a protein that is part of the skin).
3. When these oil glands are overactive and the canals are blocked, the bacteria that normally live on the skin and in the oil become trapped. They subsequently multiply, and cause inflammation and irritation
friends i want to ask why the skin of the palm of our hands do not have fur, unlike other body parts and what are the actual things that cause hair growth.
BalasHapus@rulyana :
BalasHapusin my opinion, because the skin of the palm of our hand is included into thin skin
to rulyana_
BalasHapusin my opinion, it is because of the palm of our hand is a kind of thick skin that has the most layers of the stratum corneum.
The stratum corneums are called corneocytes and are no longer viable. Corneocytes lack a nucleus and cellular structures. Corneocytes are flat, hexagonal-shaped cells filled with water-retaining keratin proteins surrounded by a protein envelope and lipids. The cellular shape and the orientation of the keratin proteins add strength to the stratum corneum. There are 10-30 layers of stacked corneocytes.
maybe that information can help you..;-)
Hallo friends... :)
BalasHapushey...what's your opinion about our tears mean "air mata" when we cry, is that also produced by some gland ??? and what type of gland??? did you know where tears is stored??? hehehe :)
For Rulyana Question
BalasHapusin the book that I have read
inform us that for example in the male sex hormone, androgens from testis and adrenal cortex, directly affect hair growth. and in my opinion,, the hair can increase it's length because of follicular growth.
now I want to ask to you all,,
for acne problem, what's causes that acne rise to our skin when puberty?
thanks for your information friends... ^_^
BalasHapusHello.. :)
BalasHapuseverybody, have you ever heard about a myth, that if we cut our hair in calf, foot, arms and etc (except in the top of head), will grow a thicker hair, how does your opinion?
friends,,
BalasHapuswhy when someones get seriously ill (cancer,etc) their hair will easily to fall?
how can nail growth influence the healthy condition of primates?
some people usually shaving their skin hair to make it smoother. is there effect to the skin health? how about their hair follicle?
BalasHapus@ desy
BalasHapusi think our skin just has melanocyte cell that produce melanin ( brown pigment), whereas white, yellow,'sawo mateng', black etc in skin color are depend on portion of melanocyte in stratum germinativum...
Lailatul Qodria Off A
guys, I wanna ask: Why someone has "lemah jantung" desease, his/her hand is always wet (berkeringat) rapidly? why it can happen? n how the it's relationship with sweat gland work?
BalasHapusTo Lailatul Qodriah
BalasHapusSomeone who get more sweat(hiperhidrosis) may in their armpit or in their palm, may in their body is occurring high metabolism.
But hiperhidrosis not always indicate that someone get low heart beat condition. Sorry, perhaps my answer is not clear to answer your question.
Ardiani Samti
Kenapa orang dengan kulit puth beresiko untuk terserang kangker kulit?
BalasHapusAnisa Nur Istiqomah Off A
Menurut Pendapat saya,pada kulit terdapat lapisan-lapisan. Salah satunya adalah epidermis yang salah satu lapisannya nya terdiri dari stratum korneum. Di bawah lapisan stratum korneum terdapat lapisan yang mengandung butir-butir melanin yaitu pigmen hitam pada kulit. Nah mungkin yang dimaksud anisa ini, kulit yang tidak memiliki pigmen hitam kulit (melanin) sehingga kulit tersebut berwarna putih.Karena tidak terdapat melanin,sehingga tidak ada salah satu lapisan yang melindungi kulit artinya lapisan pelindung kulit berkurang sehingga lebih beresiko terkena kanker.
HapusDwi Retno Pintarti Off A
@ annisa
BalasHapuswe know the normal skin color is the expression of a combination of three
pigments: melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Melanin is a brownblack
pigment produced in the melanocytes of the stratum basale. All individuals of similar size have approximately the
same number of melanocytes, but the amount of melanin produced
and the distribution of the melanin determine racial variations
in skin color, such as black, brown, yellow, and white.
Melanin protects the basal layer against the damaging effect of
the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun.
dari penjelasan diatas, saya rasa orang yang berkulit putih memiliki sedikit sekali melanin sehingga sinar matahari langsung masuk kedalam kulit tanpa adanya proteksi terlebih dahulu yang lama kelamaan akan mengakibatkan kanker.
Esti Novianti -off A 2011-
Apa yang menyebabkan kulit kering (kusam)?
BalasHapusEnggar Agustina -Off A 2011-
@Anisa n Esty
BalasHapusFrom literature that I have read, Normal skin color is the expression of a combination of three pigments: melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Melanin is a brown-black pigment produced in the melanocytes of the stratum basale. All individuals of similar size have approximately the same number of melanocytes, but the amount of melanin produced and the distribution of the melanin determine racial variations in skin color, such as black, brown, yellow, and white. Melanin protects the basal layer against the damaging effect of the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun. A gradual exposure to the sunlight promotes the increased production of melanin within the melanocytes, and hence tanning of the skin. The skin of a person with albinism (al'bı ˘-niz-em) has the normal number of melanocytes in the epidermis but lacks the enzyme tyrosinase that converts the amino acid tyrosine to melanin. Albinism is a hereditary condition.
Jadi bisa disimpulkan bahwa pada orang albino jumlah melanositnya sama dengan orang normal namun enzin tyrosin yang berfungsi untuk merubah asam amino menjadi melanin yang sedikit sehingga produksi melanin menjadi berkurang. Jika melanin berkurang berarti pelindung dari efek merusak ultraviolet sinar matahari terhadap lapisan basal juga berkurang sehingga orang albino lebih mudah terkena kanker.
Pramisya Indah Cahyahesti Off A 2011
@pramisya, esti, dwi, anisa
BalasHapustruz truz....apa orang bule lebih rentan kena kanker daripada orang pribumi seperti kita????
hehehehe, bersyukur dunk, kita punya kulit kayak gini...
@bu amy
menyenangkan sekali...model pembelajaran yang baru..bikin semangat :-) thank you very much mum...
@pramisya, esti, dwi, anisa
BalasHapustruz truz....apa orang bule lebih rentan kena kanker daripada orang pribumi seperti kita????
hehehehe, bersyukur dunk, kita punya kulit kayak gini...
@bu amy
menyenangkan sekali...model pembelajaran yang baru..bikin semangat :-) thank you very much mum...
Titis Henykartikasari/off A bio 2011
@enggar agustina
BalasHapusnih...menurut artikel yang saya baca
Kulit kering dan bersisik adalah salah satu masalah kulit yang sering terjadi. Kulit kering dan bersisik sudah tentu menghalangi kita untu tampil menarik, khususnya bagi para wanita. Efek yang terlihat dari kulit kering adalah kulit akan terlihat keriput, kusam, dan tidak segar.
Kulit yang kering dan bersisik biasanya hanya memiliki kadar minyak (sebum) yang sangat rendah dan cenderung cukup sensitif, dan karena tidak dapat mempertahankan kelembabannya kulit akan terlihat kusam. Kulit yang terasa kaku setelah mencuci muka adalah salah satu ciri kondisi kulit kering. Ketika dioles oleh pelembab baru kulit akan tidak lagi terasa kaku.
Berikut adalah beberapa penyebab kulit kering dan bersisik:
1. Faktor Keturunan (Genetik)
Dalam faktor genetik, kondisi bawaan seseorang dipengaruhi oleh orang tua atau anggota keluarga dekat yang lain. Jadi jika ada orang tua anda yang memiliki kulit kering maka anda kemungkinan besar juga akan mempunyai kulit kering.
2. Kondisi Struktur Kulit
Kulit anda akan terkena dehidrasi bila kondisi kelenjar kulit anda tidak mampu memberi cukup librikasi pada kulit. Dan sebagai akibatnya adalah kulit anda menjadi kering
3. Pola Makan
Salah satu pemicu kulit menjadi kering adalah kurangnya nutrisi tertentu terutama sayuran. Jika pola makan anda buruk dan tidak mengandung gizi yang cukup maka anda bisa terkena kulit kering.
4. Faktor Lingkungan
Kulit kering bisa juga disebabkan oleh pengaruh lingkungan seperti udara dingin, terkena sinar matahari terlalu lama, dan lain-lain.
5. Penyakit Kulit
Kulit yang terserang penyakit kulit seperti eksim, prsoriaris, dan lain-lain bisa menyebabkan kulit menjadi kering.
truz..truz....
Untuk mencegah kulit kering, berikut adalah beberapa tips berguna untuk mencegah kulit kering dan bersisik:
1. Sangat dianjurkan untuk menggunakan pelembab setiap hari. Yang harus diperhatikan adalah pilih pelembab yang menggunakan bahan dasar air dan mengandung nutrisi bagi kulit agar tidak kering.
2. Hindari lingkungan atau ruangan yang memiliki suhu terlalu dingin karena dapat menyebabkan kulit anda bertambah kering.
3. Olahraga selama sekitar 30 menit tiga kali dalam seminggu sangat di anjurkan agar kulit terlihat segar. Selain itu tubuh anda juga akan sehat.
4. Jika anda sering beraktivitas di udara terbuka, gunakan tabir surya yang memiliki SPF minimal 15.
5. Mengkonsumsi makanan yang terjaga nutrisinya. Anda harus pastikan makanan yang anda konsumsi sehari-hari mengandung vitamin A,B,D, dan E yang cukup agar kulit anda terjaga kelembabannya.
6. Minum air putih minimal 2 liter dalam sehari, Mengkonsumsi air putih yang banyak akan membantu kulit anda terlihat cerah dan tidak kusam.
7. Jika tips-tips di atas belum mampu mengatasi masalah kulit kering, sebaiknya anda segera menghubungi dokter spesialis kulit
Titis Henykartikasari/off A bio 2011
@ Titis
BalasHapusGood info especially for us as a lady. Can apply it in everyday life.
@Enggar, Titis, n all of my friends
If you discuss about dry skin, I want to ask why in some people, the surface of their skin as if has not hair like my skin? What cause the growth of hair be shut in?(Apa yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan rambut terhalang sehingga kulit terlihat seperti tidak mempunyai rambut?)
Pramisya Indah Cahyahesti Off A 2011
Mom, I was wrong yesterday to wrote a comment about the integument. I wrote in index and Direct Download Links.
BalasHapusYesterday I commented that I had a little difficulty in answering questions about the histological structure of the skin of the arm.
Holifa Cahyo Ning Arif Off A 2011
@titis, pram, enggar n all my friendss
BalasHapushehhehheheheh.... i came late to comment
woooow there are some question must be answer........
Actually, stres can be disturb grow in hair. hehhehehhehhehehehe...jangan stres nanti botak.
Ary Maf Ula OFF A 2011
@ Titis : Apa yang kamu alami sama dengan yang saya alami karena pertumbuhan rambut pada kulit saya juga terhalang seperti tidak ada rambut atau sedikit rambut yang tumbuh. Hal ini mungkin terjadi karena faktor keturunan juga bisa karena ibu dan ayah saya pertumbuhan rambut di kulitnya terhalang sehingga tampak sedikit bahkan tidak mempunyai rambut dan itu mungkin menurun pada saya.
BalasHapusEnggar Agustina/ BIO OFF A/ 2011
To: Enggar and all of my friends..
BalasHapuswe have been learned about skin... and kulit berambut dan tidak berambut... udah tau kan bedanyaa... :D
lok masalah botak tu.. bisa dr gen,tau kelenjar minyaknya bermasalah,may be.. :)
solusi=> kasik aloe vera ja kawan...
By: Roy Befi Off A/2011
@Befi
HapusYou said that bald (botak)can be solved by Aloe Vera. Can you Explain me why it can be like that?
Dwi Retno Pintarti Off A / PBio 2011
Dwi Retno Pintarti/ Off A PBio 2011
BalasHapusFriend,... please explain me about the cause of acne in our skin? Can acne appear in our thick skin?